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Ammonia market data

Key data on global ammonia production, pricing, trade flows, and infrastructure. Some datasets are currently under active development by our research team — these are marked accordingly.

Ammonia at a glance — 2025

Key metrics on the global ammonia market, updated annually from public sources.

Global production
185 MT/yr
2024 estimate
Traded internationally
~20 MT/yr
~11% of production
Used for fertiliser
~70 %
Of total consumption
Green ammonia share
<1 %
Of total production
CO₂ from production
~500 MT CO₂
~1.4% of global emissions
Ammonia to power projects
55 active
As of Oct 2025 (AEA)
Storage market (2024)
$958 M
CAGR 5.3% to 2033
US ammonia storage
6.5 MT capacity
Largest national capacity
The ammonia value chain
From feedstock to end use
Feedstock
Natural gas
Renewables
Coal (China)
Synthesis
Haber-Bosch
~450°C / 200 bar
Fe catalyst
Storage & transport
−33°C liquid
Pressure vessels
Pipeline / ship
End use
Fertiliser (70%)
Industrial (20%)
Energy (growing)
GREEN AMMONIA PATHWAY — ADDITIONAL STEPS
Renewable electricity
Solar / wind
Offshore / onshore
Electrolysis
PEM / ALK / SOEC
Green H₂
Green Haber-Bosch
Green NH₃
Zero-carbon
Cracking (optional)
NH₃ → H₂
~78% yield

Ammonia price indicators

Indicative regional price benchmarks for conventional ammonia. Full pricing database under active development — see Research programme for details.

Market / hub Price ($/MT) vs prev month Basis Source
Tampa (US Gulf) $340–370 ↑ ~$10 CFR Argus / Fertecon
Yuzhne (Black Sea) $310–340 ~flat FOB CRU / Argus
NW Europe (ARA) $390–430 ↓ ~$15 CFR ICIS / Argus
Middle East FOB $290–320 ↑ ~$5 FOB Argus
India CFR $360–400 ~flat CFR Fertecon
East Asia CFR $380–420 ↑ ~$20 CFR CRU

Green ammonia premium estimates

Current green premium (NW Europe)+$400–600/MT
Green ammonia indicative (2025)$800–1,000/MT
Projected green cost (2030)$500–700/MT
Cost parity scenario (optimistic)~2035
Key driver of premiumElectrolyser capex + electricity

Price drivers to watch

European natural gas (TTF)Primary grey cost driver
Renewable electricity (LCOE)Primary green cost driver
Urea price correlationHigh (substitute product)
Freight rates (VLGC)$80–120/MT current est.
Carbon price (EU ETS)Growing influence post-2026

FULL PRICING DATABASE — IN DEVELOPMENT

Our markets team is building a structured, open-access pricing database covering spot and contract price signals across 8 regional hubs, updated monthly. Target launch Q3 2026.

See Research R-01 for details →

Global ammonia trade

~20 million tonnes of ammonia traded internationally in 2024. Key exporters, importers, and trade corridors.

Top exporters (conventional, 2024 est.)

🇹🇹 Trinidad & Tobago
3.2–3.6 MT
🇷🇺 Russia
~2.8 MT
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia
~2.2 MT
🇺🇦 Ukraine
~1.5 MT
🇳🇱 Netherlands (re-export)
~1.2 MT
🇲🇾 Malaysia
~1.0 MT

Top importers (conventional, 2024 est.)

🇮🇳 India
~3.5 MT
🇺🇸 United States
~2.8 MT
🇰🇷 South Korea
~1.5 MT
🇧🇪 Belgium
~1.2 MT
🇳🇱 Netherlands
~1.1 MT
🇲🇦 Morocco
~0.9 MT
Green ammonia export corridor (emerging)ExporterImporterTarget volume (MTPA)Status
Saudi Arabia → Japan / South KoreaNEOM / ACWA PowerJERA / KEPCO1.2Active
Australia → JapanFortescue / H2UMarubeni / JERA0.5In dev
Namibia → EuropeHyphen / CWPYara / Uniper2.0Planned
India → Europe / JapanAM Green / ACMEBASF / Yara1.5In dev
Chile → GermanyHNH Energy / HyExEnBW / Uniper1.0Planned
Canada → Europe / USEverWind / World EnergyMultiple0.5In dev
Morocco → Netherlands / GermanyOCP / ChariotOCI / Yara0.8In dev

Storage & terminal infrastructure

Key existing ammonia terminal and storage capacity by region. Full port infrastructure database under active development — see Research R-02.

US total storage capacity
6.5 MT
2.9 MT coastal · 3.7 MT inland
Japan storage capacity
7.1 MT/yr
Processable at 25 turnovers/yr
Vopak ammonia terminals
6 global
Expanding for clean energy
Ammonia transported (2024)
45 MT
22% of global production
Terminal / hubLocationOperatorCapacityRole
Port of Rotterdam — OCI / VopakNetherlandsOCI / Vopak~2 MT/yrImport / re-export hub
Port of Antwerp-Bruges — Air LiquideBelgiumAir LiquideCracking pilotFirst industrial cracker operational
Jubail Industrial CitySaudi ArabiaSABIC / MaadenLarge scaleExport terminal
Houston Ship ChannelUSACF Industries / Primemax~1.5 MTImport / domestic distribution
Dalian PortChinaEnvision / COSCOUnder devFirst NH₃ bunkering in NE Asia
Jinzhou PortChinaEnvision EnergyUnder devStorage terminal + jetty for export
Freeport LNG (converted)USAVariousPlannedExport terminal development
Port of BrunsbüttelGermanyHy2B / ThyssenKruppPlannedImport + cracking hub for Germany
Port of Le HavreFranceTotalEnergiesPlannedImport terminal
Jurong IslandSingaporeKeppel InfrastructurePlannedIntegrated power + bunkering hub
Aqaba PortJordanArab Potash / ACWAPlannedExport terminal
Lüderitz PortNamibiaHyphen HydrogenPlannedGreen export terminal

PORT INFRASTRUCTURE DATABASE — IN DEVELOPMENT

Our infrastructure team is building a comprehensive database of 80+ ammonia-relevant ports, covering storage capacity, bunkering readiness, safety certifications, and investment plans. Target launch Q2 2026.

See Research R-02 for details →

Global ammonia production

Who produces ammonia, and how. Conventional production dominates; green share remains under 1% but is growing.

CountryProduction (MT/yr)Global sharePrimary feedstockNotes
🇨🇳 China~87 MT~47%Coal (dominant) + gasWorld's largest producer
🇷🇺 Russia~15 MT~8%Natural gasMajor exporter
🇮🇳 India~14 MT~8%Natural gas / naphthaNet importer despite large production
🇺🇸 USA~13 MT~7%Natural gasLargest inland distribution network
🇹🇹 Trinidad & Tobago~5 MT~3%Natural gasWorld's largest net exporter
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia~4.5 MT~2.4%Natural gasRapid green ammonia buildout
🇮🇩 Indonesia~4 MT~2%Natural gasDomestic use (fertiliser)
Other~47 MT~25%MixedIncludes EU, Malaysia, Qatar

Ammonia as a marine fuel

Ammonia is one of the leading candidates for zero-carbon shipping. Key developments as of Q1 2026.

Ammonia-capable vessels ordered
80+ ships
As of end 2025
Ammonia to power projects
55 active
Mostly co-firing, East Asia
IMO GHG reduction target
20 % by 2030
Revised strategy
First NH₃ bunkering (Asia)
2025 Dalian
COSCO Yuantuo 1 tugboat
DevelopmentLead organisationStatusSignificance
MAN B&W ammonia two-stroke engineMAN Energy SolutionsOperationalIndustry-standard engine platform for ammonia-fuelled vessels
Wärtsilä ammonia four-stroke engineWärtsiläOperationalKey for smaller vessels and offshore applications
COSCO ammonia-fuelled tugboatCOSCO / EnvisionOperationalFirst commercial ammonia bunkering in NE Asia, Dalian 2025
Jurong Island integrated NH₃ power + bunkeringKeppel InfrastructureIn devSingapore's flagship ammonia-to-power + bunkering facility
Proton Vesta Terminal RotterdamProton / VestaIn dev2 MT/yr import hub + world-scale cracker; commissioning 2027
ThyssenKrupp Uhde / Uniper crackers (×6)ThyssenKrupp Uhde / UniperPlannedSix European cracking plants at key import ports
Air Liquide cracking pilot AntwerpAir LiquideOperationalFirst industrial-scale ammonia cracker at a European port
NYK / MOL ammonia carrier fleetNYK Line / MOLIn devDedicated large-scale ammonia carrier vessels for Japan import